Extras

PPH Documentation Templates & Reference Checklist

Appendix A: Quick-Reference Checklist for PPH Data Points

Use this checklist to ensure comprehensive coverage:

□ Past Psychiatric Diagnosis

  • Previous diagnoses and who made them
  • Context and timing
  • Confirmation status
  • Missed or co-occurring disorders

□ Hospitalization History

  • Total number of admissions
  • Dates of first and most recent
  • Hospital names and locations
  • Voluntary vs. involuntary status
  • Length of stay patterns
  • Reasons for admission
  • State hospital admissions (if any)
  • Discharge dispositions
  • Pattern recognition

□ Current Caregivers

  • Current psychiatrist/prescriber
  • Current therapist
  • Case manager or coordinator
  • Primary care physician
  • Other specialists
  • Last appointment dates
  • Next appointment dates
  • Recent changes in care intensity

□ Psychotherapy History

  • Types tried (CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, etc.)
  • Duration of each
  • What was/wasn’t helpful
  • How therapies ended
  • Patterns across relationships
  • Current therapy status

□ Medication History

  • All psychiatric medications tried
  • Doses and durations
  • Response to each
  • Side effects and tolerability
  • Reasons for discontinuation
  • Adequacy of trials
  • Current medications
  • ECT history (if applicable)

□ Suicide Attempt History

  • Number of attempts
  • Timing of each
  • Methods used
  • Intent and planning
  • Medical treatment required
  • Triggers and context
  • Aborted/interrupted attempts
  • Current suicidal ideation status

□ Self-Harm History

  • History of NSSI
  • Methods used
  • Age at onset
  • Current frequency
  • Function of self-harm
  • Severity of injuries
  • Current status

□ Trauma History

  • Types experienced
  • Timing and duration
  • Current safety status
  • Trauma-related symptoms
  • Previous trauma-focused treatment

Appendix B: Sample Documentation Templates

Template 1: Comprehensive PPH Note

PAST PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY:

Diagnoses: Patient reports diagnoses of [list]. [Diagnosis 1] was made by [provider type] in [year/timeframe]. [Diagnosis 2] diagnosed by [provider] after [context]. No history of [relevant ruled-out conditions].

Hospitalizations: [Number] lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations. First admission [year] at [location] for [reason]. Most recent admission [date] at [hospital] for [reason], length of stay [X days], discharged to [disposition]. [State hospital admissions if applicable]. Pattern suggests [revolving door/escalating severity/treatment resistance].

Current Treatment Team:

  • Psychiatry: Dr. [Name], seen [frequency], last appointment [date], next scheduled [date]
  • Therapy: [Name, credentials], seen [frequency], last [date]
  • PCP: Dr. [Name] at [practice]

Psychotherapy: Previous therapy includes [modalities/durations]. Patient reports [what was helpful]. Currently [in therapy/not in therapy].

Medication Trials:

  • Antidepressants: [List with doses, durations, responses]
  • Mood Stabilizers: [Same format]
  • Antipsychotics: [Same format]

Note: [Number] adequate trials without significant response, suggesting treatment-resistant depression.

Suicide Attempts: [Number] lifetime attempts. Most recent [date] via [method], requiring [medical treatment]. [Intent, planning, triggers]. [Current SI status].

Self-Harm: [History with methods, frequency, function, current status OR “Denies history of NSSI”]

Trauma: Reports [trauma type] at age [X]. [Current safety]. Endorses [trauma symptoms]. [Previous trauma treatment status].

Template 2: Brief PPH for Established Patient

PPH: [X] prior hospitalizations, most recent [month/year]. Diagnoses include [list]. Currently followed by Dr. [Name] (psychiatry) and [Name] (therapy). Current medications: [list with doses]. [X] lifetime suicide attempts, most recent [year]. History of [trauma type]. See full PPH in [date] for details.

Template 3: EMR-Friendly Problem List Format

Past Psychiatric History:

  • Diagnoses: MDD (recurrent, severe), GAD, PTSD
  • Hospitalizations: 4 lifetime (2015, 2018, 2022, 2024-current)
  • Providers: Dr. Smith (psychiatry, monthly), Jane Doe LCSW (weekly therapy)
  • Medications: Multiple SSRI/SNRI trials, partial response to venlafaxine
  • Safety: 2 prior SAs (2015, 2022), currently denies SI
  • Trauma: Childhood sexual abuse, EMDR in progress

Template 4: Quick Charting Summary Table

DomainKey DataClinical Significance
DiagnosisMDD (recurrent), GADMultiple episodes, chronic course
Hospitalizations3 (2018, 2022, 2024)Escalating frequency, recent
Current CarePsychiatry monthly, therapy weeklyEstablished but recent intensity ↓
Medications4 adequate SSRI trials failedTreatment-resistant MDD
Suicide1 attempt (2022), high intentHigh risk, requires close monitoring
Self-HarmCutting (2019-2021), stoppedImproved coping, low current risk
TraumaChildhood physical abusePTSD symptoms, triggers

Template 5: Resident vs. Attending Documentation Comparison

Resident-Level Documentation (Learning):

PPH: Patient has depression and anxiety. Has been hospitalized before. 

Currently sees a therapist and takes medications. Has had suicidal 

thoughts in the past. History of trauma.

Attending-Level Documentation (Comprehensive):

PPH: Patient carries diagnoses of MDD (recurrent, severe) and GAD, both 

established by outpatient psychiatrist Dr. Jones after 2-year longitudinal 

assessment (2018-2020). Four lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations: first 

at age 28 (2018) for suicidal ideation, most recent discharge yesterday 

(3-week admission for SI with plan, involuntary status, discharged improved 

on medication changes). Currently followed by Dr. Jones (psychiatry, monthly) 

and Sarah Smith LCSW (weekly CBT for 3 years). Medication trials include 

4 adequate SSRI trials without response, currently on venlafaxine 225mg 

with partial benefit. One prior suicide attempt (2022, overdose requiring 

ICU admission, high intent). History of childhood physical abuse age 5-12, 

currently safe, endorses hypervigilance and nightmares, engaged in trauma-

focused therapy.

Key Differences:

  • Attending version specifies WHO made diagnoses and WHEN
  • Details hospitalization pattern and legal status
  • Names providers with frequency and duration
  • Documents medication trial adequacy
  • Describes suicide attempt lethality and intent
  • Contextualizes trauma with current safety

Appendix C: Collateral Information Workflow

When to Seek Collateral Information

Particularly valuable when:

  • Patient has limited recall or insight
  • Diagnostic uncertainty exists
  • Treatment resistance is present
  • Safety concerns are elevated
  • Significant gaps exist in history
  • Patient gives permission or it’s clinically necessary

Sources of Collateral Information

Clinical sources:

  • Previous treatment providers
  • Hospital discharge summaries
  • Outpatient clinic notes
  • Emergency department records
  • Primary care records

Personal sources:

  • Family members
  • Close friends
  • Legal guardians
  • Case managers
  • Residential program staff

How to Request Records

For recent hospitalizations:

  1. Obtain patient consent (or document clinical necessity)
  2. Get specific hospital name, location, approximate dates
  3. Contact medical records immediately
  • Fax: Most reliable for urgent requests
  • Phone: For clarification and follow-up
  • Portal: For some integrated systems
  1. Request: “Discharge summary for [Patient Name, DOB] admitted approximately [dates]”
  2. Follow up in 3-5 business days if not received
  3. Document in chart: “Records requested from [hospital] on [date]”

For outpatient records:

  1. Obtain patient consent with specific provider names
  2. Contact provider’s office with written request
  3. Specify: “Treatment notes for [Patient Name, DOB] covering dates [range]”
  4. May need to pay copying fees
  5. Allow 30 days for fulfillment
  6. Document request and follow-up attempts

How to Speak with Current Providers

Before calling:

  • Obtain patient consent
  • Have specific questions prepared
  • Review what you already know

During the call:

  • Introduce yourself and your role
  • Confirm they’re able to discuss the patient
  • Ask focused questions:
  • “What’s been your understanding of their diagnosis?”
  • “What treatments have been most/least helpful?”
  • “Have you had concerns about safety?”
  • “What’s been their pattern of engagement?”
  • Thank them and offer reciprocal information sharing

After the call:

  • Document conversation in medical record
  • Include: Date, who you spoke with, key information
  • Note any discrepancies with patient’s report
  • Plan how to integrate into formulation

Integrating Collateral Information

Reconcile discrepancies:

  • Patient report vs. collateral information
  • Different providers’ perspectives
  • Documentation vs. verbal reports

Consider context:

  • Who is providing information and their relationship
  • When the information was gathered
  • What the informant’s motivations might be

Use to enhance, not replace:

  • Collateral supplements your assessment
  • Direct patient interview remains primary
  • Multiple perspectives create fuller picture

Template Documentation

Collateral Information Obtained:

Spoke with Dr. [Name], patient’s outpatient psychiatrist of [duration], on [date]. Dr. [Name] reports patient followed since [year] for [diagnoses]. Medication trials have included [list]. Patient has shown [pattern]. Provider expressed concern about [specific issues]. This information is consistent with/differs from patient’s self-report in the following ways: [describe].

Reviewed discharge summary from [Hospital] dated [date]. Summary indicates admission for [reason], length of stay [duration], treatment included [interventions], discharged on [medications], disposition [where]. Documented diagnosis: [diagnoses].

Discrepancies between sources noted and will be clarified. Collateral information suggests [clinical significance].

References

Core Textbooks

  1. Carlat DJ. The Psychiatric Interview. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2023.
  2. Shea SC. Psychiatric Interviewing: The Art of Understanding. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017.
  3. MacKinnon RA, Michels R, Buckley PJ. The Psychiatric Interview in Clinical Practice. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2015.
  4. Robinson DJ. Three Spheres: A Psychiatric Interviewing Primer. Rapid Psychler Press; 2000.
  5. Sims A. Symptoms in the Mind: An Introduction to Descriptive Psychopathology. 4th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2003.
  6. Fish FJ, Hamilton M. Fish’s Clinical Psychopathology: Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry. 3rd ed. Bristol, UK: Wright; 1985.

Practice Guidelines & Foundational Frameworks

  1. Silverman JJ, Galanter M, Jackson-Triche M, et al. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(8):798–802. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.1720501.
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
  3. Bland DA, Lambert K, Raney L. Resource Document on Risk Management and Liability Issues in Integrated Care Models. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  4. Hamdi NR, Cutler MJ, Hollon SD, et al. APA guidelines on evidence-based psychological practice in health care. Am Psychol Assoc. 2021.
  5. Arias-Reynoso M, Bell JL, Blueford P, et al. _Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia (SCZ)._Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs; 2023.
  6. Bahraini N, Bodie C, Brenner LA, et al. _Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide._Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs; 2024.
  7. American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. Core Competencies for Use of Collaborative Care in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders (Guidance). American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry; 2024.
  8. Battles J, Azam I, Grady M, Reback K. Advances in Patient Safety and Medical Liability. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2017.
  9. Brasel KJ, deRoon-Cassini TA, Bernard A, et al. Best Practices Guidelines: Screening and Intervention for Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use and Misuse in the Acute Trauma Patient. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2022.
  10. Brookman RR, Committee on Adolescent Health Care. Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2017.

Interviewing, History-Taking, and Communication

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Readmission and Continuity of Care

Smith TE, Haselden M, Corbeil T, et al. Relationship between continuity of care and discharge planning after hospital psychiatric admission. Psychiatr Serv. 2020;71(1):75–78. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201900233.

Berardelli I, Sarubbi S, Rogante E, et al. Exploring risk factors for re-hospitalization in a psychiatric inpatient setting: A retrospective naturalistic study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):821. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04472-3.

Donisi V, Tedeschi F, Wahlbeck K, Haaramo P, Amaddeo F. Pre-discharge factors predicting readmissions of psychiatric patients: A systematic review of the literature. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):449. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1114-0.

Baeza FLC, da Rocha NS, Fleck MPA. Readmission in psychiatry inpatients within a year of discharge: The role of symptoms at discharge and post-discharge care in a Brazilian sample. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018;51:63–70. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.11.008.

Virtanen M, Peutere L, Härmä M, Ropponen A. Factors associated with readmissions in psychiatric inpatient care: A prospective cohort study based on hospital registers. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):734. doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06193-1.

Fonseca Barbosa J, Gama Marques J. The revolving door phenomenon in severe psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023;69(5):1075–1089. doi:10.1177/00207640221143282.

Leppänen J, Kieseppä V, Eskelinen S, et al. Clinical predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient care: A 20-year follow-up study of former adolescent inpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2025;351:116606. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116606.

Sfetcu R, Musat S, Haaramo P, et al. Overview of post-discharge predictors for psychiatric re-hospitalisations: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):227. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1386-z.

Del Favero E, Montemagni C, Villari V, Rocca P. Factors associated with 30-day and 180-day psychiatric readmissions: A snapshot of a metropolitan area. Psychiatry Res. 2020;292:113309. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113309.

Silva M, Antunes A, Loureiro A, et al. Factors associated with length of stay and readmission in acute psychiatric inpatient services in Portugal. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113420. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113420.

Mascayano F, Haselden M, Corbeil T, et al. Patient-, hospital-, and system-level factors associated with 30-day readmission after psychiatric hospitalization. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2022;210(10):741–746. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001529.

Biringer E, Hartveit M, Sundfør B, Ruud T, Borg M. Continuity of care as experienced by mental health service users: A qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):763. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2719-9.

Petkari E, Kaselionyte J, Altun S, Giacco D. Involvement of informal carers in discharge planning and transition between hospital and community mental health care: A systematic review. _J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs._2021;28(4):521–530. doi:10.1111/jpm.12701.

Haselden M, Corbeil T, Tang F, et al. Family involvement in psychiatric hospitalizations: Associations with discharge planning and prompt follow-up care. Psychiatr Serv. 2019;70(10):860–866. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201900028.

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Caffeine

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Tobacco

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Cannabis

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Vaping

  1. Overbeek DL, Kass AP, Chiel LE, Boyer EW, Casey AMH. A review of toxic effects of electronic cigarettes/vaping in adolescents and young adults. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2020;50(6):531-538. doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1794443.
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Sedative Hypnotic

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  13. Alvanzo A, Kleinschmidt K, Kmiec JA, et al. Clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. American Society of Addiction Medicine; 2020. Practice Guideline.

Hallucinogens

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  12. Wang E, Mathai DS, Gukasyan N, Nayak S, Garcia-Romeu A. Knowledge, attitudes, and concerns about psilocybin and MDMA as novel therapies among U.S. healthcare professionals. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):28022. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78736-1.
  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book). U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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  15. Hosein MM, Reid MJ, Walser S, et al. Considerations and cautions for the integration of psilocybin into routine clinical care: a consensus statement from the US National Network of Depression Centers’ Task Group on Psychedelics and Related Compounds. EClinicalMed. 2025;89:103517. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103517.
  16. De Gregorio D, Aguilar-Valles A, Preller KH, et al. Hallucinogens in mental health: preclinical and clinical studies on LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine. J Neurosci. 2021;41(5):891-900. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1659-20.2020.
  17. Barnett BS, Greer GR. Psychedelic psychiatry and the consult-liaison psychiatrist: a primer. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry. 2021;62(4):460-471. doi:10.1016/j.jaclp.2020.12.011.
  18. Carroll KM. The profound heterogeneity of substance use disorders: implications for treatment development. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2021;30(4):358-364. doi:10.1177/09637214211026984.
  19. Strang J, Babor T, Caulkins J, et al. Drug policy and the public good: evidence for effective interventions. Lancet. 2012;379(9810):71-83. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61674-7.
  20. Dike C, Briz L, Fadus M, et al. Resource Document on Ethics at the Interface of Religion, Spirituality, and Psychiatric Practice. American Psychiatric Association; 2021. Practice Guideline.
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Inhalant

  1. Berling I, Isbister GK. Rare but relevant: hydrocarbons and sudden sniffing syndrome. Addiction. 2025. doi:10.1111/add.70082.
  2. Sandau KE, Funk M, Auerbach A, et al. Update to practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;136(19):e273-e344. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000527.
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  5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
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  7. Kerester S, Bloom J, Schwartz L, et al. Alkyl nitrite (“poppers”) exposures in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(7):e2523408. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.23408.
  8. Tardelli VS, Martins SS, Fidalgo TM. Differences in use of inhalants among sexual minorities in the USA in 2015-2018. Addict Behav. 2021;115:106789. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106789.
  9. Cruz SL, Bowen SE. The last two decades on preclinical and clinical research on inhalant effects. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2021;87:106999. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106999.
  10. Berling I, Chiew A, Brown J. Poisonings from hydrocarbon inhalant misuse in Australia. Addiction. 2023;118(7):1370-1375. doi:10.1111/add.16166.
  11. Anderson CE, Loomis GA. Recognition and prevention of inhalant abuse. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(5):869-874.
  12. Lubman DI, Yücel M, Lawrence AJ. Inhalant abuse among adolescents: neurobiological considerations. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(2):316-326. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.76.
  13. Nguyen J, O’Brien C, Schapp S. Adolescent inhalant use prevention, assessment, and treatment: a literature synthesis. Int J Drug Policy. 2016;31:15-24. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.02.001.
  14. Karaca G, Hatipsoylu E, Ekmekci A, et al. Toluene inhalant addiction and cardiac functions in young adults: a comparison of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters. Clin Cardiol. 2024;47(11):e70037. doi:10.1002/clc.70037.
  15. Yücel M, Takagi M, Walterfang M, Lubman DI. Toluene misuse and long-term harms: a systematic review of the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(5):910-926. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.006.

OTC abuse

  1. Here are the new citations from this list, excluding anything you already had:
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  8. Tong ST, Polak KM, Weaver MF, et al. Screening for psychotherapeutic medication misuse in primary care patients: comparing two instruments. J Am Board Fam Med. 2019;32(2):272-278. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2019.02.180172.
  9. Shekho D, Mishra R, Kamal R, et al. Polypharmacy in psychiatry: an in-depth examination of drug-drug interactions and treatment challenges. Curr Pharm Des. 2024;30(21):1641-1649. doi:10.2174/0113816128297170240513105418.
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  13. Patnode CD, Perdue LA, Rushkin M, et al. Screening for unhealthy drug use: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2020;323(22):2310-2328. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.21381.
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  20. Goodman CW, Brett AS. A clinical overview of off-label use of gabapentinoid drugs. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(5):695-701. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0086.
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  22. Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016;315(15):1624-1645. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1464.
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  26. Batki S, Ciccarone D, Hadland SE, et al. Management of Stimulant Use Disorder. American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry; 2023. Practice Guideline.

Designer Drugs

  1. Ricci V, Chiappini S, Martinotti G, Maina G. Novel psychoactive substances and psychosis: a comprehensive systematic review of epidemiology, clinical features, neurobiology, and treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025:106384. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106384.
  2. Prete MM, Feitosa GTB, Ribeiro MAT, Fidalgo TM, Sanchez ZM. Adverse clinical effects associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2025;272:112698. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112698.
  3. Baumann MH, Solis E, Watterson LR, et al. “Bath salts,” “Spice,” and related designer drugs: the science behind the headlines. J Neurosci. 2014;34(46):15150-15158. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3223-14.2014.
  4. Daziani G, Lo Faro AF, Montana V, et al. Synthetic cathinones and neurotoxicity risks: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(7):6230. doi:10.3390/ijms24076230.
  5. Graddy R, Buresh ME, Rastegar DA. New and emerging illicit psychoactive substances. Med Clin North Am. 2018;102(4):697-714. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.010.
  6. Kourouni I, Mourad B, Khouli H, Shapiro JM, Mathew JP. Critical illness secondary to synthetic cannabinoid ingestion. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208516. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8516.
  7. Khullar V, Jain A, Sattari M. Emergence of new classes of recreational drugs—synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(8):1200-1204. doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2802-4.
  8. Luethi D, Liechti ME. Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(4):1085-1133. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02693-7.
  9. Grafinger KE, Liechti ME, Liakoni E. Clinical value of analytical testing in patients presenting with new psychoactive substances intoxication. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(3):429-436. doi:10.1111/bcp.14115.
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Alcohol

  1. Wood E, Albarqouni L, Tkachuk S, et al. Will this hospitalized patient develop severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome? The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review. JAMA. 2018;320(8):825-833. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10574.
  2. Kranzler HR, Soyka M. Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder: a review. JAMA. 2018;320(8):815-824. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.11406.
  3. Wood E, Pan J, Cui Z, et al. Does this patient have alcohol use disorder? The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review. JAMA. 2024;331(14):1215-1224. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.3101.
  4. Ngui HHL, Kow ASF, Lai S, et al. Alcohol withdrawal and the associated mood disorders—a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):14912. doi:10.3390/ijms232314912.
  5. Mauermann ML, Staff NP. Peripheral neuropathy. JAMA. 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.19400.